Các bệnh truyền nhiễm đang nổi ở Đông Nam Á: THÁCH THỨC CỦA KHU VỰC TRONG KIỂM SOÁT BỆNH DỊCH
Tóm tắt
Đông Nam Á là một điểm nóng của các bệnh truyền nhiễm đang nổi, trong đó có cả những bệnh có tiềm năng gây đại dịch. Các bệnh truyền nhiễm đang nổi gây ra gánh nặng đối với y tế công cộng và thiệt hại về kinh tế. Hội chứng hô hấp cấp tính nặng (SARS) đã làm tổn hại ngành du lịch của khu vực một cách nhanh chóng. Cúm A H5N1 đã gây ra ảnh hưởng nặng nề đối với ngành công nghiệp chăn nuôi gia cầm. Lý do tại sao Đông Nam Á chịu nhiều nguy cơ mắc các bệnh các bệnh truyền nhiễm đang nổi rất phức tạp. Khu vực này là nơi có những hệ thống năng động, trong đó các quá trình sinh học, xã hội, sinh thái, và công nghệ kết giao với nhau để tạo điều kiện cho các vi sinh vật để khai thác các hốc sinh thái mới. Những quá trình này bao gồm sự phát triển và di chuyển của dân số, quá trình đô thị hóa, thay đổi trong sản xuất lương thực, nông nghiệp và sử dụng đất, nước và vệ sinh môi trường, ảnh hưởng của các hệ thống y tế thông qua các thế hệ kháng thuốc. Đông Nam Á là nơi có khoảng 600 triệu nhóm dân cư khác nhau; như Singapore, nước có có tổng sản phẩm quốc nội (GDP) là 37.500 đô la Mỹ trên đầu người; và Lào với kinh tế nông thôn chiếm ưu thế, GDP chỉ là 890 đô la Mỹ trên đầu người. Những thách thức đối với khu vực trong việc kiểm soát các bệnh truyền nhiễm đang nổi là rất lớn, gồm có từ việc kiểm soát các yếu tố gây nên sự xuất hiện các ổ bệnh, cho đến việc xây dựng hệ thống giám sát phù hợp, và bảo đảm có cơ chế quản lý nhà nước trong khu vực được hoạt động có hiệu quả để tăng cường các can thiệp nhằm kiểm soát dịch bệnh.
Từ khóa
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