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Phần mềm Tạp chí mở

Sức khỏe và hệ thống y tế ở Đông Nam Á: SỰ ĐA DẠNG VÀ DỊCH CHUYỂN

Virasakdi Chongsuvivatwong, Kai Hong Phua, Mui Teng Yap, Nicola S Pocock, Jamal H Hashim, Rethy Chhem, Siswanto Agus Wilopo, Alan D Lopez

Tóm tắt


Đông Nam Á là  khu vực vô cùng đa dạng  về xã hội, kinh tế và chính trị tại mỗi quốc gia cũng như trên toàn khu vực. Sự đa dạng  này được định hình bởi lịch  sử, vị trí địa  lý và vai trò là đầu  mối  giao dịch thương mại, trung chuyển hàng  hóa và dịch vụ. Những yếu tố này không  chỉ góp phần phân hóa tình trạng  sức khỏe của những  người dân trong khu vực, mà còn tạo nên sự đa dạng cho các hệ thống  y tế của các quốc  gia trong khu vực.  Sự phát triển kinh tế nhanh chóng nhưng không đồng đều, đi kèm với tỷ lệ dịch chuyển dân số và dịch  tễ học  khác  nhau đã làm gia tăng chênh lệch tình trạng sức khỏe  và tạo ra những thách thức y tế công  cộng  to lớn đối với hệ thống y tế của  các quốc  gia, nhất   là đối  với  việc kiểm soát những bệnh truyền  nhiễm  mới xuất hiện và sự gia tăng của các bệnh không truyền  nhiễm  ở người cao tuổi. Khi trong khu vực những hình thái chăm  sóc y tế mới đang được hình thành như tự chủ hóa hệ thống  y tế công  (chính phủ  sở hữu  nhưng vận hành theo các nguyên  tắc tự chủ và có sự tham gia của lĩnh  vực y tế tư nhân)   và các cơ chế  tài chính nhằm  đạt được  độ bao phủ toàn  dân,  vẫn có những bài học  cơ bản về cải cách và phân  quyền  hóa hệ thống y tế. Những  thách  thức mới nổi lên cùng với sự gia tăng thương mại trong các dịch  vụ y tế, sự di cư của nhân lực y tế, và y tế du lịch. Nằm giữa hai nền kinh tế lớn mới  trỗi  dậy  là Trung Quốc  và Ấn Độ, các quốc gia trong khu vực đang nỗ lực  để tạo ra một bản sắc chung cho khu vực,  bất chấp sự đa dạng  của các quốc gia, nhằm tìm ra những giải pháp phù hợp  và hiệu  quả cho những thách thức y tế trong khu vực. Trong số đầu tiên của loạt  sáu bài về sức khỏe ở  Đông Nam Á,  chúng  tôi xin giới thiệu  đến độc giả một bức tranh tổng quan về những  thay đổi dân  số và dịch   tễ học  chính trong khu vực, những thách  thức mà các hệ thống  y tế  đang phải đương đầu,  và thu hút mối  quan tâm  của độc  giả tới khả năng hợp tác khu vực trong lĩnh vực y tế.


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